Introduction to Environmental Health for Body Mass - myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theIntroduction to Environmental Health for Body Mass. Answer: The conditions that present appropriate conditions for an individual to flourish, develop, perform and age are alluded to as social determinants of wellbeing. Wellbeing practices might be recognized as a proximate social determinant that is of specific noteworthiness with regards to ecological medical problem. The metabolic condition of overweight and weight has increased a pandemic status in Australia obstructing a mass extent of the local populace that calls for immediate and reasonable mediations to battle the circumstance (Rahman and Harding 2013). The wellbeing pointers of weight file (BMI) close by other substantial markers have uncovered the disturbing condition of the condition relating to unnecessary fat collection inside the body that highlights the hazard for procuring other constant wellbeing conditions. Information evaluated the commonness of overweight or stoutness among 11.2 million Australian grown-ups representing 63% of the populace in 2014-15 (Aihw.gov.au 2017). Ob servational discoveries have credited the dangers for corpulence to character qualities that incline a person to create co-morbidities and related wellbeing dangers comparable to social, monetary, segment and way of life factors (Avsar, Ham and Tannous 2017). In this way, suggestions have been made as for utilizing and strengthening reasonable mediations that take into account these perspectives and help in encouraging solid way of life alterations subsequently alleviating the rising stoutness slants in Australia. Stoutness the board has been suggested through advancement of physical action and solid dietary example in the defenseless populace (Dietz et al. 2015). Therefore, it is obvious that wellbeing conduct is personally connected with anticipation and the board of weight. References Aihw.gov.au 2017.Australias wellbeing 2016. [online] Aihw.gov.au. Accessible at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=60129556760 [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017]. Avsar, G., Ham, R. what's more, Tannous, W.K., 2017. Variables affecting the rate of weight in Australia: a summed up requested probit model.International diary of natural exploration and open health,14(2), p.177. Dietz, W.H., Baur, L.A., Hall, K., Puhl, R.M., Taveras, E.M., Uauy, R. what's more, Kopelman, P., 2015. The board of corpulence: improvement of human services preparing and frameworks for avoidance and care.The Lancet,385(9986), pp.2521-2533. Rahman, A. what's more, Harding, A., 2013. Predominance of overweight and corpulence plague in Australia: a few causes and consequences.JP Journal of Biostatistics,10(1), p.31.

Importance of Communication in Human Resources

Significance of Communication in Human Resources Basically break down the significance of powerful relational abilities corresponding to the act of Human Resource Management. In a working environment progressively twirling with change, where the individuals some portion of the condition is progressively basic to hierarchical achievement, getting correspondence right could be the characterizing factor in increasing upper hand. The significance of human capital: the possibility that individuals are progressively the main resource that separates one association from another; puts human asset the board (HRM) unequivocally at the front line of the quick change toward a data based economy. Individuals need to know what’s in it for them and HR program parts hold the appropriate responses. The best planned advantages bundle or most exquisite pay configuration will fall flat if nobody completely comprehends and acknowledges it. Along these lines, no other capacity could profit by successful relational abilities more than HR. Extensively, viable correspondence is â€Å"leader-driven and endeavors to assist individuals with understanding the market powers that shape the activities and procedure of the business.† (D’Aprix, 1996) This implies correspondence arranging should consolidate how to drive worker conduct to satisfy business results, not just the strategies and channels used to scatter data to a workforce. The outcome for business, and thus HRM, has been the test of getting the ideal individuals in the perfect spot accomplishing the correct work in the correct manner. It might sound basic yet is confounded by the concurrent segment changes testing the working scene. The populace is maturing with more representatives needing to wait for longer toward one side of the range, while at the opposite end more youthful specialists are moving all the more regularly. Be that as it may, 75 percent of the occupations accessible are in the data, innovation and administration divisions, regions which generally slant toward more youthful candidates. In the midst of this change, HR and different directors are confronted with revitalizing their kin around a lot of shared objectives planned for winning in the commercial center, and building such alliance by exchange among different representative gatherings is no simple errand. To be sure, viable exchange aptitudes include not just conveying the desired information to someone else, however figuring out how to peruse what the other individual is stating to you. This implies tuning in to different people’s words, yet additionally figuring out how to decipher their non-verbal communication. It likewise implies figuring out how to convey without pre-empting others or making them protective. (Griffin, 1998) Studies on audiences’ responses to addresses show that a speaker’s enticing forces originate from what is said as well as the manner in which the speaker looks and sounds. Since the nonverbal signs you anticipate are as incredible as the verbal ones, first, figure out what it is you need the individual you’re speaking with to do, at that point select a suitable blend of words and non-verbal communication to pass on your message so as to impart adequately and impact them in arrangements. A definitive objective is to remember others for the correspondence procedure without seeming to be undermining, so as to limit struggle and stress, which are both progressively basic issues in the cutting edge work environment (Sanchez and Dempsey, 2002) The executives style is the way to successful relational abilities, and in this manner directors need to set up a style that causes them to feel great, so as to keep away from worry for both themselves and their staff. For instance, a few supervisors might be happy with getting individual with workers; while others may not and in this way ought not. Whatever style supervisors do receive, so as to be compelling they should make certain to utilize it reliably with all workers, as the greatest wellspring of uneasiness for the two directors and representatives is muddled or conflicting guidelines (Griffin, 1998). Additionally, to improve the treatment of control and complaints, directors should be open and accessible when representatives search them out, to stay away from complaints or issues heightening. To deal with and forestall complaints, chiefs ought to be liberal with however much positive input as could be expected, and incorporate supportive analysis which centers around the con sequences of employees’ work. Tuning in to objections without being cautious, and feeling for individuals so they know they’re overcoming, are likewise basic abilities for taking care of complaints, which can in any case spread and mischief resolve and profitability (HR Briefing, 2000). In any case, while struggle is regularly seen as an issue to be evaded, strife is likewise a chance to improve interchanges, assemble collaboration and connections, and find out about the needs and needs of others. At the point when clashes emerge, they don’t must be promptly settled, and frequently an endeavor to do so brings about cutting off correspondence. In fact, in many cases it’s better for HR supervisors to follow up on struggle when they have more data, rather than moving toward the issue when emotions are probably going to flare. Indeed, even in circumstances where a genuine showdown is unavoidable, and could bring about an abdication or genuine mechanical turmoil, directors can facilitate the pressure by making a point to give themselves an opportunity to deliberately figure a reaction. Taking everything into account, the way in to a helpful HR and inner correspondence relationship is participation and shared regard rather than rivalry, struggle, or more awful, lack of concern. Correspondence can't be an idea in retrospect consigned to the base degree of HRM contemplations, and limited to composing messages and leading proper examinations By perceiving the significance of compelling correspondence, HRM can convey increasingly powerful administrations and guarantee achievement of its kin crucial correspondence being the basic achievement factor. Conversely, if HRM neglects to build up its relational abilities to a genuinely compelling level it dangers neglecting to satisfy its crucial creating, holding and compensating the ability fundamental for a business to succeed. In extraordinary models, inadequate correspondence can even make issues itself, particularly in the midst of progress or vulnerability, when clear, predictable correspondence is fundamental to keeping up worker and administrative resolve and profitability. References D’Aprix, R. (1996) Communicating for Change: Connecting the Workplace With the Marketplace. Jossey-Bass. Griffin, J. (1998) How To Say It At Work. Prentice Hall Direct. HR Briefing (2000) Wrong words and moves make strife. Aspen; first July 2000, p. 7. Sanchez, P. what's more, Dempsey, T. (2002) Communication the basic achievement factor. Vital HR Review; Vol. 2, Issue 1, p. 24

Why The Columbia 17 Freshmen Should Be Proud of Their Pretentious Admissions Essays - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts

Why The Columbia ’17 Freshmen Should Be Proud of Their “Pretentious” Admissions Essays - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts Why The Columbia ’17 Freshmen Should Be Proud of Their “Pretentious” Admissions Essays Why The Columbia ’17 Freshmen Should Be Proud of Their “Pretentious” Admissions Essays Long before the Internet provided a platform for the mass critique of a seventeen-year-old applicant’s painstakingly polished prose, writing the personal statement has been a process fraught with tension and self-doubt.  But as several new additions to Columbia University’s class of 2017 recently discovered, even after your essay secures your admission to the school of your dreams, it can continue to be a source of anxiety. Last week, college gossip site IvyGate stumbled upon a Google Drive folder (since deleted) containing the admissions essays that gained 70 students acceptance into one of New York City’s most esteemed academic institutions.  Almost immediately, sites like Gawker rushed to poke holes in these students’ attempts at creative self-definition and expression.  As a college essay advisor with a decade’s worth of experience helping students hone their admissions essays, and a woman with a twisted sense of humor, I will admit, I found myself cackling at Gawker’s excision: “Set the Scene: Remember, god is in the details. What did your cheeks do? They burned. What is your mother? A wild horse. How is your skepticism? Radiant.” Still, my takeaway from this sampling was in favor of the kids. Because whether they wrote about hipster identity or an imaginary conversation amongst alumni playwrights; females in rap music or the sub-prime mortgage crisis via tortoise-and-the-hare metaphor; the students who offered themselves up for accidental profiling embodied the honesty and fearlessness required to grab the attention of today’s Ivy League admissions boards. Successful admissions essays can run the gamut from an academic exploration of a mundane topic to a thoughtfully scripted (and well-edited) entry that could have been ripped from a student’s diary.  The personal statement challenges students to excavate and expound upon experiences reflective of their larger personality traits.  This is not an easy enterprise.  Self-reflection in writing often involves equal measures of pain and embarrassment â€" and it is almost impossible to have an objective view of a person you’ve known all your life.  Some commentators have been throwing around the word “pretentious” to describe the overall tone of the Columbia student writings.  I challenge you to find a seventeen-year-old asked to write about him-or-herself, perhaps for the first time ever in a scenario with such direct future impact, who can manage to avoid this pitfall completely. Still, why did these students feel the need to post college essays in a public forum for their peers?  The college essay is likely one of the more stress-fueled assignments a high school student stumbles upon in his/her twelve-year school career. You spend months mulling over your topic, weeks grinding your brain to paste over a rough draft, endless hours meticulously editing, and every second after submission wondering whether you missed one crucial error that might make the difference between rejection and acceptance.  Then you send your applications off into the Common App cyber bank, to be read by maybe a dozen strangers, total.  If you wanted to share your writing success with more than the one or two admissions officers who happened to graze over your essay with the two minutes on average allotted to each applicant, I can’t really blame you. In fact, a student’s desire to post his/her college essay for others to admire is reflective of a confidence in the final product t o which few can lay claim. My own college essay, which gained me admittance to Boston University’s College of Communication over a decade ago, expanded upon an undeniably corny metaphor comparing icons from my favorite movie, The Wizard of Oz, to my lifelong scholastic journey.  The road to college was the Yellow Brick Road; Boston University was The Emerald City.  The piece begins with a recitation of the chorus of “Somewhere Over The Rainbow,” which is reprised at the end of the essay, asking “If happy little bluebirds fly beyond the rainbow, why then, oh why can’t I?” just before my grand finale of “I can fly.  AND I WILL!”  All caps.  I would be content to bury this document under the pyramids of Egypt, never to see the light of day again. Still, when I read through my essay in full, the piece is so clearly reflective of seventeen-year-old Stacey.  While the standards for admissions essay writing have risen in the past ten years due to increased competition amongst applicants â€" and, frankly, more pervasive outside counseling and editing from professionals like myself â€" the core of the essay should be a direct extension of the teenager who writes it. Scanning through the Columbia student essays, I was invigorated by some and unmoved by others; but all felt sincerely delivered by young adults wading their way through the world towards uncertain futures.  If this particular group of students felt confident revealing a slice of their inner reflections and most pressure-driven written experiments to their contemporaries even if only before their writing landed on a national and exponentially more judgmental stage they are more confident than most of the high school seniors whose self-penned treatises will pass befor e the eyes of admissions officers in the years to come. Forget what the essays actually say.  It is clear the same self-assurance that would allow a student to share an essay with his/her peers is likely to have shown through to the admissions board.  We can judge all we want, but these kids got themselves into Columbia, and their willingness to open themselves up to the world might just be the reason. About Stacey BrookStacey Brook is an accomplished writer and admissions expert who has spent the last decade helping students conceptualize, edit and refine their college essays.View all posts by Stacey Brook » | Website

We Are Destroying Our Planet Essay - 1868 Words

Everyday we are destroying our planet. Global warming is one of the biggest problems in humanity. Our society has to take immediate action in order to survive there is not much time left as we continue to grow with this problem at this rate. The increase of global warming is getting out of control. We need to take care of our planet before we run out of time, and the damage become unfixable. One of the major problems is the gas emissions called â€Å"The Greenhouse effect† this gas emissions are the most dangerous face of global warming. People believe this is a normal thing and it is but as we pollute the world everyday this process becomes more harming to the environment. If we didn t have greenhouse gases which they trap heat in the atmosphere, the Earth would be a very cold place. Which it ll cause us to freeze to death, Greenhouse gases keep the Earth warm through a process called the greenhouse effect. We need the heat that is trapped by the greenhouse gases t o keep us warm and alive. But the increasing amount of methane and carbon dioxide is causing an accelerated greenhouse effect, raising up the temperature of the earth and causing global warming. Global warming is then causing climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the components of global warming. Carbon dioxide is released through natural processes like respiration and volcano eruptions and through human activities such as deforestation, land use changes, and burning fossil fuels.Show MoreRelatedWe Are Destroying Our Planet969 Words   |  4 Pagesthat humans are destroying it, I see this issue from a different perspective. Many may say that I’m foolish for believing that our plane is capable of sustaining a large population, but I argue this because I truly see a change happening in our world. While we may always have wars, poverty, mistreatment, illegal activities and natural disasters, many good-hearted people are devoting their life to help our planet grow and sustain a large population. Our planet is already capable of sustaining moreRead MoreAn Open Letter to Roderick Nash on Island Civilization Essay829 Words   |  4 Pagesand nature and how humans have been biased against nature. He elaborates by talking about how when people explore the world, they are destroying it in one way or another. Nash also brings up other traits that humans have that should be considered helpful and great. Nash distinctively looks down upon human beings. He brings up scenarios that would benefit the planet. He emphasizes his vision, Island Civilization. He also mentions other scenarios such as garden, future primitive, and wasteland. NashRead MoreSocial Problems with America Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica Many of Americans today do not take the time to realize that our nation is little by little falling apart. Our leaders are corrupt, our environment is being destroyed, and there are thousands of children being born each day. The three major social problems facing the American citizens in the 21st century are births to unmarried woman, being able to trust or government and or leaders, and lastly destroying the environment. The first major social problem facing America today isRead MoreStop The Destruction of the Rainforest Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagesbe prohibited The destruction of the Rain Forest should be prohibited. Planet Earth is accelerating at an alarming rate; moving towards its own self-destruction. What we learned in high school taught us the importance of converting carbon dioxide into oxygen. Without this conversion process, life as we know it today could possibly cease to exist. The rainforest provides much needed oxygen for the planet. Numerous rainforests exist around the globe. The largest rain forest is Read More Social Problems With America Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many of Americans today do not take the time to realize that our nation is little by little falling apart. Our leaders are corrupt, our environment is being destroyed, and there are thousands of children being born each day. The three major social problems facing the American citizens in the 21st century are births to unmarried woman, being able to trust or government and or leaders, and lastly destroying the environment. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The first major social problemRead MoreInformative Speech : Animal Agriculture1628 Words   |  7 Pagesto us and our planet. Thesis: The buildup of Animal Agriculture is a great destruction to our planet and our species. It is creating lots of negative impacts like overuse of water, water pollution, destruction of land, depletion of natural resources, mass extinction of animals (especially fish), and atmospheric pollution which causes global warming. Introduction (Attention Step): What do you think is the greatest cause of emission pollution? What do you believe is harming our planet? Well if youRead MoreDavid Suzukis a Planet for the Taking953 Words   |  4 PagesDavid Suzukis A Planet for the Taking In the essay A Planet for the Taking, David Suzuki describes Canadians odd appreciation for this great natural bounty we call our own. He is an internationally acclaimed scientist who is concerned about the welfare of Canada. Suzukis intended audience is the Canadian population that does not realize the grave danger they are instilling upon themselves by haphazardly taking our resources without looking at the subsequent repercussions of their actionsRead MoreEssay on Planet Of The Apes Satire740 Words   |  3 Pagessetting in the book makes Planet of the Apes one of the greatest satires. In the movie, the setting takes place on earth in the future where apes deny and are afraid of the past, whereas the setting in the book is on a different planet where apes are civilized and technologically advanced, and the humans were primitive creatures. The orangutans in the movie prevent what happened to the humans from happening to the apes. Orangutans, such as Zaius went to great work as destroying the cave where the evidenceRead MoreThe Population Problem Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pagesto eat. We have used up most of the resources that we require to survive. What little that is left is so polluted that it is not fit to be used. Is this our future? What are we doing to keep this from happening? We recycle, we ride our bikes, we compost, but is this enough? It is up to us to find a cure to the ailment that is destroying our plan et. We only have one Earth to sustain the entire human race for the rest of its existence. Will we be find a way to continue our survival, or will we be theRead MoreGlobal Warming Will Destroy Our Planet Earth1355 Words   |  6 PagesWarming Will Destroy Our Planet Earth Introduction: The most important place in our galaxy that we know is inhabitable is now being destroyed by humans. As humanity has grown over the years, we have created many problems along the way that later we will regret. The main problem that our planet is facing right now is called global warming. Throughout the years we have damaged many ecosystems trying to better ourselves, and we have not yet think about once the danger we are putting on our mother earth. The

How to Find New Testament Essay Topics Online

How to Find New Testament Essay Topics Online Writing prompts are among the best approaches to create confident writers who take pleasure in the practice. When you choose a topic, you should answer the query and substantiate your response with three or more motivations as to why you think like that. So ensure that you select a subject, which has values in it. There are a few great topics to take into account when selecting topic for your argumentative essay. Begin a list of questions which you'd love to have answered. The ability to give information in various contexts is vital to effective communication. Thus, it's important to read corresponding formatting guide. In any case, the shortage of suitable grammar makes the listeners drop respect to the speaker. Everything that is actually essential for creating your paper successful is to convince your intended audience on the ground of your private opinion. Pick one particular person whom you admire for their leadership abilities and write about the traits which make them special and how they've influenced you somehow. You might become a thriving person without having a superior education. A minumum of one parent should work at home. But What About New Testament Essay Topics? You can't write as you want. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory for the initial five years after obtaining a license. They should be mandatory over a certain age. Think of the local evening news program and why you ought to be chosen as the student reporter. The shortage of great support sources are going to result in a decrease grade. A trusted writing services business can assist you with all that. Cell phones shouldn't be used while driving. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. When it has to do with the middle school, the argumentative essay consists of moderate topics. To discover argumentative essay topics easy on various platforms, you want to comprehend about the argumentative essay. An argumentative essay is a sort of academic papers that students write in the center school. Studying should consist of task of essay that argues a specific idea. It's also notable to find that he HeLa study is still helpful to the world. The Argument About New Testament Essay Topics Imagine your school does not own a school newspaper. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. Consider what you could do in order to make your school more beautiful. Think of one thing you're expected to learn in school that you don't think ought to be included in the curriculum. Books ought never to be banned. Life is far better than it was 50 decades ago. In reality, Dever (1992) maintains that the Old Testament cannot be proved historically correct and only a few of the books of the Bible can be utilized to demonstrate any pertinent historical details. Our life is about words. There's a particularly thorny issue regarding the historical records of Apostle Paul. The immediate effect of sin is death. Prior to making up a last choice, think about the simple fact your essay is a bit of academic writing, which means it ought to be relevant and rather formal. Once you comprehend the form of essay, it's time to choose a topic. On the flip side, if you've got to compose a persuasive essay, all the matters mentioned previously don't play such significant function. Argumentative essay is about arguing and debating on a subject, which is debatable. Deciding on your topic isn't that easy. As soon as you have the topic, answer the question and support your answer with three or more explanations for why you believe it. You will probably locate a different and amazing topic you will love to write about. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's important to at all times be critically considering the world around us. There are lots of things you wish to live, many things you feel, and you simply don't know if a number of the situations you do are ok or not. Second, talk what you shouldn't do instead of what has to be carried out. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the main issue to do is to select a topic and an argument you can really get behind.

Reflective essay on education and training Free Essays

Introduction Through this course I have learnt reflect on my strengths and weaknesses in relation to education and training. I now recognize that there are different learning styles which are Activist, Reflector, Theorist and Pragmatist (Honey and Mumford, 1982). Online questionnaires have shown that I am between an activist and a pragmatist. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective essay on education and training or any similar topic only for you Order Now I now understand why I focus on practical matters and to be less interested in exploring hypotheticals or more abstract and theoretical areas. I need to understand what a theory is useful for, and what it can be applied to in the ‘real-world’. I require information to be explained so I can relate it to previous experiences. I tend to teach students by my preferred method of learning although on reflection this is not suitable for all (Anonymous ) . I find it difficult to concentrate on lengthy written tasks or reading technical books. I have found reading off screen hard work and have a tendency to flick between screens therefore I have had to print out the screens and read them on paper and instruction videos I have had to watch several times. I also am learning to become more disciplined when using the computer as I often have multiple windows open thus becoming easily distracted. Time management is something that I now aware is not my strongest point in that I tend to leave projects until the last minute. I have therefore mapped out a study plan, to allow me to make constructive use of my time. (Landsberger) The discipline of critiquing is a challenge for me as I tend, with education journals with training articles that have multiple choice questions, to try and answer the questions first without reading the article or at least speed read it. I now understand how important when looking at journal articles and web pages how relevant the information is and more importantly its source being it a properly referenced article or a sponsored piece (Pears, Shields and Lancaster, 2007). Previously I had never considered this to be particularly important. This is an area I need to improve, as I now realise much of studying is about critiquing and assessing information In previously I have used end note in Windows Word as the reference tool, as I was unaware of other styles of referencing especially when used for academic papers. I now have learnt how to use Refworks as a tool for referencing which I have also applied to another project. Using search engines in the past have been very much a hit and miss affair where I used phrases rather than keywords. Having been shown how to use Google scholar and specifically Boolean operators, my search strategy is now more efficient and has led to a larger number of relevant hits. (Anonymous ) Reference Honey, P. Mumford, A. (1982) Manual of Learning Styles. P. Honey. Anonymous Learning Styles Available at: http://www.ndt-ed.org/TeachingResources/ClassroomTips/Learning_Styles.htm (Accessed: 4/28/2011) Landsberger, J. F. Time management. Available at: http://www.studygs.net/timman.htm (Accessed: 4/24/2011) Pears, R., Shields, G. Lancaster, S. (2007) Cite them right. Newcastle upon Tyne: Pear Tree Books. Anonymous boolean operators – Google Search Available at: http://www.google.co.uk/#q=boolean+operatorshl=enprmd=ivnsfdei=ezK0TZTlHISg8QOs3uyVDAstart=10sa=Nfp=d1007c4880f2cdbd (Accessed: 4/24/2011) How to cite Reflective essay on education and training, Essay examples

Women in Psychology Assessing the Contributions of Margaret Floy Washburn

Introduction The contributions of women in the field of psychology have often been subject to underreporting and misreporting throughout the subject’s history. In the 19th and 20th centuries, women were widely discriminated against and perceived as inferior to men, not mentioning the fact that they enjoyed little standing in society (O’Connell Russo, 1990). Women, despite this setback, have contributed immense knowledge to the field of psychology, and rightly qualify to be offered a special place of remembrance in the annals of history.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Psychology: Assessing the Contributions of Margaret Floy Washburn specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a well known fact that psychology would never have been the same were it not for the outstanding contributions of women psychologists such as Mary Whiton Calkins, Christine Ladd-Franklin, Mary Ainsworth, Margaret Floy Wash burn, Melaine Klein, Karen Horney, among others (Scarborough Furumoto, 1987). It is the object of this paper to critically evaluate the contributions made by Margaret Floy Washburn to the field of psychology. Background Born July 25, 1871 in the outskirts of New York City, Margaret Floy Washburn was the only child of Francis and Elizabeth Floy. Young Washburn spent most of her formative years at Ulster County, New York, and graduated from high school in 1886 (Green, 2000). Her interest in psychology started when Washburn was enrolled at Vassar College as a preparatory student when she was barely fifteen years old. While studying at Vassar, Washburn gained membership of Kappa Alpha Theta alliance for women, and finally graduated from college in 1891. The young lady was determined to further her studies at a time when women were viewed as inferior to men. She was enrolled as an auditor in the newly created psychological laboratory at Columbia University since the institution had not started admitting women for graduate studies (Green, 2000; O’Connell Russo, 1990). Under the guidance of James McKeen Cattell, Washburn proved her detractors wrong and performed extremely well in her studies, prompting Cattell to encourage her to further her studies at the newly re-organized Sage School of Philosophy, Cornell University (Green, 2000). At the institution, Washburn was the first and only graduate student majoring in psychology under the guidance of E.B. Titchener. The budding psychologist undertook an experimental study on tactual perception, qualifying for a Master’s degree award in 1893 from Vassar College, albeit in absentia. Washburn later did her doctoral thesis on the effects of visual imagery on judgments of tactile sensitivity, and was lucky to have her work published in 1895 in Philosophische Studien when Titchener sent the thesis to Wilhelm Wundt, the Journal’s publisher (Green, 2000; O’Connell Russo, 1990). Earlier on in 1894, Washburn made history by becoming the first woman globally to earn a PhD in psychology.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Career-wise, Washburn took up various teaching posts in prestigious institutions such as Wells College, Vassar College, Sage College, and the male-dominated University of Cincinnati (Green, 2000). She was elected to American Psychological Association (APA) presidency in 1921, and went further to become the co-edit the widely read American Journal of Psychology for years before finally been elected to the exalted National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in the decade of the 1930’s. She remained a Professor of Psychology at Vassar College until 1937 when ill health forced her to retire. The celebrated psychologist died on October 29, 1939. Theoretical Perspective Margaret Washburn, fascinated with studying the minds and behavior orientations of humans and animals, wa s persuaded that experimental psychology could offer the appropriate methodology and approaches for investigating the topic (Woodworth, 1948). The psychologist was overly interested in studying the behaviors of people and animals to a point of developing the motor theory of consciousness. Washburn, however, was best known for her concerted efforts in the field of comparative psychology, culminating in publishing a book in 1908, which went on to remain the preferred comparative psychology resource book for the next two decades. In discussing her theoretical perspective, it is imperative to remember that Washburn schooled at Cornell University under the instruction and guidance of E.B. Titchener, a structuralist in major ways (Scarborough Furumoto, 1987). In later days, structuralism came to be referred as functionalism. Being a student of Titchener, Washburn was influenced by the functionalist orientations, and was known to base her rationale and theory on the tenets of functionalis m (O’Connell Russo, 1990). The major theoretical orientation of being a functionalist is that every entity is perceived to have a function. Indeed, functionalism is a broad perspective in the field of social science which makes reference to social structures and organisms as whole entities in terms of the intricate function of their constituent components (Woodworth, 1948). According to Levin (2009 ), â€Å"†¦ functionalism in the philosophy of mind is the doctrine that what makes something a mental state of a particular type does not depend on its internal constitution, but rather on the way it functions, or the role it plays, in the system in which it is a part† (para. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Psychology: Assessing the Contributions of Margaret Floy Washburn specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the presentation of motor theory of consciousness, Washburn endeavored to medi ate between the structural-functionalist psychological orientations of Wilhelm Wundt and E.B. Titchener on the one side and the opposing behaviorist perspective on the other (Woodworth, 1948; O’Connell Russo, 1990). These competing psychological perspectives had dissociated consciousness from behavior, with the structural-functionalists showing interest on consciousness, while the behaviorists were of the opinion that the field of psychology should only concern itself with the study of behavior. Washburn’s theory of consciousness served to reconcile the two theoretical perspectives stated above by investigating the ways in which individual thoughts and perceptions generate motor reaction (O’Connell Russo, 1990). It is said that Washburn â€Å"†¦realized that Titchener’s strict structural psychology theories had several limitations and started to work in her own theory about motor system and mind processes† (Margaret Floy Washburn, n.d., para . 7). She derived her desires and energy to develop a new theoretical perspective about motor skills and mind from her constant refusal to recognize most of the perspectives forwarded by major schools of psychology concerning the issues of consciousness and behavior. Consequently, she came up with a doctrine underlining that â€Å"†¦thinking requires tentative movements†¦mental phenomena–for example, feelings and sensations, colors and tones–were not only legitimate but necessary topics to examine; psychology is the study of behavior and consciousness† (O’Connell Russo, 1990, p. 345). Her theoretical perspective served to link the structural psychological orientation to the behaviorist perspective. Contributions Washburn was known principally for her seminal work in animal psychology, which was basically incorporated in her 1908 publication ‘The Animal Mind’ (Woodworth, 1948). In her work, the psychologist was of the opinion that h uman beings and animals had a certain level of consciousness and emotional attachment, otherwise known as empathy. It was also her considered opinion that every single creature in the universe has a meaning. Her works on consciousness and empathy ignited later day psychologists to refine the topic and develop critical theories that are still in use today. These theories have made it possible for psychologists to learn and understand the intricate relationship between the mind and behavior (Green, 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Washburn’s educational contributions cannot escape mention; having taught philosophy and psychology in a number of institutions, including the prestigious Well’s College, Vassar College, Sage College, and the male-dominated University of Cincinnati (Green, 2000). She must have influenced a great number of psychology students, especially due to her dedication and methods of investigation. If Washburn is remembered for her educational contributions, she is even remembered more for her seminal works in comparative psychology (Green, 2000). The works are best captured in her book ‘The Animal Mind,’ where she gives vivid illustrations of how animals, just like humans, experience pain and pleasure. The psychologist can be credited for critically evaluating animal psychiatry the same way human psychiatry had been done before, and attempting to relate the two through assessing some psychological thoughts and concepts such as dementia, distraction, feelings, behavi or, deliriums and fixated ideas (Scarborough Furumoto, 1987). Washburn contributed outstanding knowledge on senses and how they are used by a variety of animals for survival. Specifically, she studied the mollusk in different environments to assess how it senses its food and how the food stimuli functions to change the behavior of the mollusk (Green, 2000). This behavioral approach to studying psychology can be equated to Ivan Pavlov’s operant conditioning. Of importance is the fact that her t observation in the snail’s consciousness and behavior after food stimuli was introduced still remains relevant today as it demonstrates how animals employ their autonomic nervous system for survival. A large body of knowledge was discovered when she compared her animal studies to how humans react and behave under similar conditions. One particular observation was that animals behave like humans in both pleasurable and painful situations. Also, the psychologist noted that animals and people are similar psychologically, and both require some basic necessities of food, shelter, and safety for survival (Scarborough Furumoto, 1987). Conclusion Margaret Floy Washburn, despite the social stigma and discrimination against female professionals that was so prevalent during her time, contributed so much such that she left an indelible mark in the field of psychology. Her contributions on animal behavior and her motor theory of consciousness contributed to the better understanding of the interrelationship between consciousness and behavior in ways that were previously unknown within the realms of psychology (Green, 2000). Constant rejections and prejudice did not curtail her determination to bring a more acceptable theoretical perspective between the behaviorists and the structuralists. Indeed, the field of psychology owes much to Washburn’s confidence and diligence. Reference List Green, C.D. (2000). Autobiography of Margaret Floy Washburn. Web. Levin, J. (20 09). Functionalism. In: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Web. Margaret Floy Washburn. (n.d.). Web. O’Connell, A., Russo, N. (1990). Women in psychology: A bio-bibliographic sourcebook. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, Inc. Scarborough, E., Furumoto, L. (1987). Untold Lives: The first generation of American women psychologists. New York: Columbia University Press. Woodworth, R.S. (1948). Biographical memoir of Margaret Floy Washburn. National Academy of Sciences. Web. This essay on Women in Psychology: Assessing the Contributions of Margaret Floy Washburn was written and submitted by user Dahlia Simon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.